Hypospadias

Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the male genitalia in which the opening of the urethra is not located at the tip but on the underside of the penis. Hypospadias can range from mild, where the urethral opening is close to the tip of the penis, to severe, where the opening is closer to the base of the penis or in the scrotal area. It often involves curvature of the penis and a lack of foreskin on the front side. The diagnosis is made immediately after birth based on a clinical examination. Treatment is surgical and is typically performed in the first few years of life under general anesthesia. The goal of the surgery is to correct the position of the urethra, ensuring normal urination and improving the appearance of the genitalia. In more severe cases, surgical treatment may require multiple stages involving several operations.